🚧The ህድሞ is a rectangular prismatic dwelling structure that is dominant in Eritrea.

Unlike the standard huts found in most of Africa, the ህድሞ is designed and constructed in such a way that it is compartmentalized to provide dining, socializing, sleeping, and cooking, areas not different than the modern villa.

To start with, there is the ውሻጠ (kitchen) where the ጣይታ፡ ሃንዛ(ምልሶ)፡ ቅጫ፡ ጎጎ፡ ገዓት፡ ሽልጆ፡ ሕልበት: ቆሎ-ጥጥቖ and a variety of finger-licking ኣጻብሕ፡ are cooked. They are kept in the natural coolness obtained from the ህድሞ walls made from stone and mud and the ናሕሲ (roof) made of various sized wood (timber), tree branches, hay, and dirt, supported by ኣዕኑድ (Pillars). Add to that, there is about 10 cm (4 inches) open spacing between the roof and top part of the walls at the ምድሪ ቤት (main floor) area for circulation of fresh air where the livestock could sleep in. Sometimes they are kept outside the ህድሞ in the ገበላ (front yard) secured by ደንደላ (gate).

A section of the ገበላ is the front part of the ህድሞ where the ናሕሲ protrudes to provide shelter from the elements, mainly rain and sun.

Usually, there are 2 ንእድታት (beds) for those who love to sleep in the open or to guard the livestock against any possible wild animal intrusion even if there is a guard dog.

If one is lucky, there is a pile of ድዂዒ (manure) and ዒባ/ዓኾር (dung) or ashes from the እቶን useful for fertilizing the grain fields and to augment a firewood that the villagers need.

The ውሻጠ is made up of the main one where many of the cooking is done - እቶን ሞጎጎ፡ ሞቕሎ & ጻሕሊ፡ - and another one where the ስዋ፡(beer) ብርዚ፡(sweetened beer)or ሜስ፡ (special alcoholic drink sweetened by honey), and other essentials are kept like ጠስሚ፡ ልኻይ፡ ብራሕ፡ ኣጅቦ: ጸባ፡ ሽሮ፡ በርበረ፡ መዓር፡ ጌሶ፡ ቀመማት፡ ጥረምረ at a cool temperature. Of course, there may be a specially built-in "hole" strategically located on the floor on one section of the ውሻጠ for our women's grooming needs the ጉብጥሽ።

The largest part of the ህድሞ is the ምድሪ ቤት፡ (main floor) where it is divided from the ውሻጠ by some well built and neatly lined up ቆፎታት (grain silos) and a መሕለፊት (passage)። The ምድሪ ቤት hosts the ንእድታት ምስ ማእስታቱ፡ (beds) መደባት ምስ ኣጎዛታቱ፡ (seating benches) መንበራት (chairs) and the መጥሓን with its ጓል መዲድ(grain grinding utensil) and ቦኽራ (flour storage facility).

Finally, there is that ሑጋ (back door/ back yard), which many times includes a መረባዕ (corrugated zinc roofed stone-walled rooms).

Nowadays, the all-purpose iconic ህድሞ is being built by sustainable materials (like cement and mortar) for the ኣዕኑድ (pillars) and ኣግማል (beams).

Many are also being electrified via Solar energy. Some of them are receiving water plumbing with a Satellite Dish and mobile phone service.

I have seen some ሃዳሙ with solar power for lighting and thermal water heaters, as well as rain gutters drainage system to catch critical water supply into an underground cistern; and a middle eastern type toilet (not my favorite) with an underground septic tank that holds the waste for disposal.

So, ladies and gentlemen, with a ህድሞ at your disposal who needs a villa? 😀

Via ዓንደሚካኤል ሰለሙን

@etconp

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