"The best way to illustrate the point is to use Bernie Madoff, who ran the world's biggest Ponzi scheme, as an example. He would run competing private databases and only show certain people select databases. His scheme relied on the fact that the data structures were not widely publicised. In an example of history repeating itself, Bernie's former employer, Nasdaq, started transferring their platform onto R3 Corda, a private ledger in 2020. One wonders if they have learnt any lessons from the past."

https://bsvdevcon.net/blog/defining-bitcoin-s-network-topology-bitcoin-developers-conference?