✳️ ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ
❇️ ﺩﺭاﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﺎﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻂﻲ ﻧﻮﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺧﻲ ﻭﻣﻂﺎﻳﺒﻪ ﺩاﺷﺖ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ, اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻋﺸﻘﻲ ﻭﺭﻭاﺑﻄ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ, ﺩﺭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺯﻫﺰﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻂﻴﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ, ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ "ﺩﻛﺎﻣﺮﻭﻥ "ﻭﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﺑﻮﺭﻱ "و...
ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﺭﻧﺴﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ اﺯﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺭا ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﺸﻮﺕ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻭاﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭاﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺩاﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻮﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ.
ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ, ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ. اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ, اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1842
اﺻﻮﻝ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭااﺭاﻳﻪ ﺩاﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺭاﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩ.
ﺑﺮاﻧﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻮﺯ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1885, اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭاﺻﻂﻼﺡ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺭاﺩﺭﺯﺑﺎﻥ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ.
اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﻭﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ اﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺯﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮاﻥ ﭘﺪﺭاﻥ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. اﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻔﺮﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1809, ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﭘﺮاﺩﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺩاﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
ﻟﻭﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮﻱ, ﮔﻲ ﺩﻭﻣﻮﭘﺎﺳﺎﻥ, ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻥ ﭼﺨﻮﻑ, ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺟﻴﻤﺰ, ﺟﻮﺯﻑ ﻛﻨﺮاﺩ اﻫﻨﺮﻱ, ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﺭﻛﻲ, ﺟﻚ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ, ﻛﺎﻓﻜﺎ, ﺟﻮﻳﺲ, ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻮاﻡ, ﻫﻤﻴﻨﮕﻮﻱ, ﺑﻮﺭﺧﺲ, ﻛﺎﻣﻮ, ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺰ ﺳﻠﻴﻨﺠﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﻨﺮ,اﻭﻛﺎﻧﺮ, .....اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ.
ﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻴﺮﺯاﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ اﺩاﺭﻩ اﻱ اﺳﺖ اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ اﻱ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﮔﻤﻨﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺗﺎﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﺪﻣﺖ اﺷﺮاﻑ ﻭﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪاﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺸﺖ.
ﭘﻴﺶ اﺯﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮا ﺩﺭﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨاﻳﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ اﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺷﺪ.
ﻭاﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩاﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ. ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﻳﺎﺩﺩاﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮاﻧﻪ "ﻧﻴﺰ اﺯﺁﻥ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ.
اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺟﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺭاﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺮﺩ.ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺯﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺩﻭﺭﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻮﻫﻤﺎﺕ ﻭاﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭاﻧﻲ ﻭاﻓﻜﺎﺭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺨﻮﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﭘﻮﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ, ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻫﻮﻓﻤﺎﻥ, ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻭﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺩﺭاﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺮﺩ.ﻳﻜﻲ اﺯﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﭘﻮ ﻓﻀﺎﻭﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺮﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺑﮕﺬاﺭﺩ. ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﻮ "ﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺳﺮﺥ "اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻭﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭاﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮاﺭﺩاﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ.
❇️ ﺳﻤﻴﺮاﺻﻔﺮﻱ
@molavi_asar_o_afkar
@ferdosesokhan
❇️ ﺩﺭاﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﺎﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻂﻲ ﻧﻮﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺧﻲ ﻭﻣﻂﺎﻳﺒﻪ ﺩاﺷﺖ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ, اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻋﺸﻘﻲ ﻭﺭﻭاﺑﻄ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ, ﺩﺭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺯﻫﺰﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻂﻴﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ, ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ "ﺩﻛﺎﻣﺮﻭﻥ "ﻭﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﺑﻮﺭﻱ "و...
ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﺭﻧﺴﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ اﺯﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺭا ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﺸﻮﺕ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻭاﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭاﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺩاﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻮﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ.
ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ, ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ. اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ, اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1842
اﺻﻮﻝ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭااﺭاﻳﻪ ﺩاﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺭاﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩ.
ﺑﺮاﻧﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻮﺯ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1885, اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭاﺻﻂﻼﺡ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺭاﺩﺭﺯﺑﺎﻥ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ.
اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﻭﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ اﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺯﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮاﻥ ﭘﺪﺭاﻥ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. اﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻔﺮﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 1809, ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﭘﺮاﺩﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺩاﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
ﻟﻭﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮﻱ, ﮔﻲ ﺩﻭﻣﻮﭘﺎﺳﺎﻥ, ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻥ ﭼﺨﻮﻑ, ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺟﻴﻤﺰ, ﺟﻮﺯﻑ ﻛﻨﺮاﺩ اﻫﻨﺮﻱ, ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﺭﻛﻲ, ﺟﻚ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ, ﻛﺎﻓﻜﺎ, ﺟﻮﻳﺲ, ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻮاﻡ, ﻫﻤﻴﻨﮕﻮﻱ, ﺑﻮﺭﺧﺲ, ﻛﺎﻣﻮ, ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺰ ﺳﻠﻴﻨﺠﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﻨﺮ,اﻭﻛﺎﻧﺮ, .....اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ.
ﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻴﺮﺯاﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ اﺩاﺭﻩ اﻱ اﺳﺖ اﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ اﻱ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﮔﻤﻨﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺗﺎﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﺪﻣﺖ اﺷﺮاﻑ ﻭﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪاﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺸﺖ.
ﭘﻴﺶ اﺯﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮا ﺩﺭﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨاﻳﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ اﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪاﺯﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺷﺪ.
ﻭاﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ "ﺷﻨﻞ "ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩاﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ. ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﮔﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﮔﺮاﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﻳﺎﺩﺩاﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮاﻧﻪ "ﻧﻴﺰ اﺯﺁﻥ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ.
اﺩﮔﺎﺭﺁﻟﻦ ﭘﻮ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺟﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺭاﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺮﺩ.ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺯﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺩﻭﺭﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻮﻫﻤﺎﺕ ﻭاﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭاﻧﻲ ﻭاﻓﻜﺎﺭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺨﻮﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﭘﻮﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ, ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻫﻮﻓﻤﺎﻥ, ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻭﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺩﺭاﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺮﺩ.ﻳﻜﻲ اﺯﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﭘﻮ ﻓﻀﺎﻭﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺮﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺑﮕﺬاﺭﺩ. ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﻮ "ﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺳﺮﺥ "اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻭﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩاﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭاﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮاﺭﺩاﺩﻩ اﺳﺖ.
❇️ ﺳﻤﻴﺮاﺻﻔﺮﻱ
@molavi_asar_o_afkar
@ferdosesokhan
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