Pathological Gait
#gait
โ– Influences on gait

(ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ)

1- Pain :-

ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ pain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Antalgic gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ
pain due to abnormal Walking.

2- Posture :-

ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Proper body biomechanics ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Ideal posture ุฏุง ูŠุณุจุจ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ Gait.

3- Flexibility and the amount of available joint motion.

ุจู…ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ Skeletal muscle ู„ูŠู‡ุง Mechanical properities ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Contractility ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุจุณุงุท ูˆ flexibility, Extensibility ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Stretching ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุจุชุนู…ู„ุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ูŠุณุจุจ pathological gait.

4-Muscle Endurance\ strength

ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุนู ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฏุง ุทุจุนุง ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุน ุงู„ gait
5-Base of Support

ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ BOS ุณูˆุงุก ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ

6- Inter limb coordination\ integration\ coupling :-

ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ Harmony ุจูŠู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ limbs both ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ limb Lower ูˆ ุงู„ both limbs ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ upper limb.. ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุน ุงู„ gait ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒูƒ ูƒุฏุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฏุง ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Right side hemiplegia ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงุนุฑู ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ harmony ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุณู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช.

7- Leg Length Discrepancy :- "LLD"

ูŠุนู†ูŠ shortening in limb ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุงุญูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„Limping ูˆ ุฏุง ุจุฑุฏูˆ
pathological pattern of gait.

8-Gender

ุงู„ Male pattern of walking ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ Female pattern of walking.. ุฃูŠ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุดูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุฒูŠ ุจุตู…ุฉ ุงูŠุฏูƒ ูƒุฏุง.

9-Pregnancy

ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุงู…ู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจู€
Pathological pattern of gait (lurching gait).

10- Obesity

ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุฒุงูŠุฏ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ stance phase ุชูƒูˆู† ูุชุฑุชู‡ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ swing phase ูุชุฑุชู‡ุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ.
11-Age

ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูˆู‡ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุŒ ุชูŠุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒูˆูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„Flexibility.

12-Lateral & vertical displacement of the COG

13-Properly functioning reflexes

14-Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช affect ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
Sole of foot / planter aspect

ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„(GRF) ground reaction force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏู‰ ุงู„ GRF ุŒ ุจุฑุฏูˆ ุงู„ shear force ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฒุญู„ู‚ุชูƒ.

15-Medial-Lateral Shear Forces

16-Anterior-Posterior Shear Forces


โ– Causes of Pathological Gait :-

1. Deformity :-

(CONGENITAL ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ OR AQUIRED ู…ูƒุชุณุจ ).

2. Imparied motor control or spasticity :-

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุชูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒู‡

Notice that :-

ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle tone ู‚ู„ ุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุงflaccidityุงูˆ hypotonia ูˆู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ hypertonicity ุงูˆ spasticity.

3. Sensory loss
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ compression ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ blood vessels ูˆุงู„ nerves.
4. Pain

5. Muscle weakness
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุถุนู ุฃูˆ atrophy disused.

ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† Paresis ูˆ Paralysis โฌ‡๏ธ :
- Paralysis (ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ู„ ุฏุงุฆู…)
- Paresis (ู…ุคู‚ุช)

Types of deformity :

โ–Deformity of Hip (Coxa=hip) :-

1- COXA VALGA:
increase neck shaft angle more than 110 degrees , Causes toe out gait.

2- COXA VARA:
decrease neck shaft angle less than 110, Causes toe in gait.

VALGA ___out ู„ุจุฑู‡
VARA___ in ู„ุฌูˆู‡

ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠู‡ 110 ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆู‡

โ– Deformity of Knee (Genu=knee)

1-Knock knee OR genu valgum.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ deviation Lateral ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุจุงุตุฉ ู„ุจุฑุง

2-Bow leg OR genu varum.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆุณุฉ ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุนุงุฏ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ุณู‚ูู„ู‡ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุดุงุทุฑ ูŠุง ุญุจูŠุจูŠ ุดุงุทุฑ๐Ÿ˜‚.

3- Hyper extension knee OR genu recurvatum .

ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง hyper extension ู„ู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ fibula, tibia ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ู… posterior displacement ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ femur ูˆู…ูŠุจู‚ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.

โ– Deformity of Ankle (Equinus =
ankle)

1- Equinus deformity or plantar
flexion deformity:

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